Brand loyalty depends on brand elements Free Essays

Introdction A brand is a structure, term, name, or any element used to distinguish the items or administrations of a dealer from the ones of different merchants in the market (Jacoby and Chestnut, 1978). In spite of the fact that there is an enormous assortment of exploration on brand faithfulness in promoting writing, the connection between brand reliability and brand components has not generally been very much recorded or comprehended. In this exposition, the dispute of whether brand components assume a critical job in impacting the reliability of shoppers will be raised. We will compose a custom article test on Brand steadfastness relies upon brand components or on the other hand any comparable point just for you Request Now Initial, a meaning of brand unwaveringness and brand components will be sketched out, trailed by contentions for and against the case that brand steadfastness is reliant on brand components. In this manner, this exposition will draw on promoting and buyer conduct writing just as contextual analyses from notable brands to outline the contentions. Brand dependability has been considered as the cognizant or oblivious choice of a customer to ceaselessly repurchase a brand (Keller, 2007). Brand unwaveringness has consistently spoken to one of the top needs for a brand. Brand monsters, for example, Coca-Cola and Pepsi for instance, every now and again bring out brand faithfulness advancements, for example, â€Å"My Coke Rewards† and â€Å"Pepsi Stuff† so as to hold its submitted purchasers (Dick and Basu, 1994). Then again, brand components alludes to the various parts that make up a brand. These can incorporate both inside and outer components. Inner components, for instance, incorporate brand character and guarantee while outside components allude to affiliations, picture and situating of a brand. Working from these two key ideas, it might be contended that brand unwaveringness must be accomplished if various successful brand components are solidly set up. Some have contended that outer components, for example, brand situating are basic in developing trust between the buyers and the brand (McCole, 2004). Brand situating alludes to the parts of the brand utilized in the specialization of the association, its objective market, the one of a kind estimation of the organization and the advantages a buyer would get from purchasing its items and administrations. Brand situating likewise exhausts exertion in separating an organization over contenders. It is in this way conceivable that it is just once a buyer procures more prominent information and lucidity of a company’s specialization, one of a kind worth and expected advantages, that he/she will be bound to repurchase the item and thusly guaranteeing brand reliability (Aaker, 1995). In a comparative vein, the component of br and guarantee can likewise be believed to assume a significant job in brand dedication. Brand guarantee alludes to the specific component that customers hope to be conveyed by the organization each time the buyer buys a thing as well as administration. By this definition, brand guarantee is a staggered component as it includes factors, for example, desire, cooperation of workers to meet these results and conveyance (Cowley, 1991). In the event that every one of these components is set up, buyers are significantly more liable to communicate dependability to the brand. An extra contention that underpins the case that brand devotion is reliant on brand components can be drawn from looking at one of the inward components; brand character. Each brand can be said to convey its own one of a kind brand character. Brand character exemplifies the brand as far as human attributes and characteristics (Kapferer, 2008; Aaker, 1995). A brand without character and warmth, for instance, is probably going to earn zero faithfulness from buyers and will be substantially more touchy to costs (Uncles Goodhardt, 2004). A constructive and particular brand character then again, is significantly more liable to inspire great results, for example, expanded inclination, utilization and unwaveringness (Aaker, 1997). There is an entrenched collection of writing that features that an unmistakable brand character upgrades brand inclination as well as improves steadfastness (Kressman et al 2006) yet additionally permits shoppers to communicate and extend their optimal selves to other people (Belk, 1988). The brand turns into an augmentation of the consumer’s self. Brand character, can along these lines be appeared to assume a basic job in permitting shoppers to associate on an individual level with a brand and consequently be bound to leave an enduring positive engraving that prompts repurchase and continuously develops brand dependability. In any case, it might likewise be contended that brand devotion can likewise be develop, autonomous of brand components. This contention centers around the significance of methodology, as opposed to mark components. A guide to show the significance of system can be seen from the progressions that have happened in promoting in the course of the most recent decade. For instance, because of the advances of web 2.0 and interpersonal organizations, conventional advertising practices of inspecting buyer patterns, directing center gatherings and evaluating socioeconomics have been enhanced by internet based life promoting on informal organizations, recordings and sites. The quantity of organizations and organizations utilizing the informal organization stage to associate with purchasers through fan pages is expanding each day and worldwide organizations, for example, Coca-Cola, Mercedes-Benz, Starbucks, Disney, New York Times, Red Bull, to give some examples, are currently noticeable instal lations on interpersonal organizations. Coca-Cola, for instance, permitted two of its fans who made the brand’s Facebook fan page to keep on overseeing it on Facebook. It isn't amazing in this way, that Coca-Cola has now amassed more than thirty-4,000,000 Likes around the world. Starbucks has comparatively exhibited the significance of a web-based social networking advertising procedure in the production of â€Å"My Starbucks Idea†, a website that permits customers to submit recommendations that are investigated and regularly executed. As statistical surveying has demonstrated that over 80% of people who â€Å"Like† a brand or item on Facebook are faithful buyers (DDB Worldwide, 2010), new procedures of online life promoting and inventive fan pages are progressively getting significant in the achievement of a brand. Components, for example, brand picture and character may have been significant ten years prior, yet brand steadfastness would now be able to be auto nomous. One may likewise receive a point of view that joins the contradicting contentions and proposes that brand components are significant, yet not necessities of brand reliability. Rather, various different variables are significant, for example, on account of â€Å"Spurious Loyalty† in which clients may repurchase a brand due to situational limitations or out of accommodation. In addition, it has likewise been recommended that brand devotion contains a significant level of pre-dispositional responsibility towards a brand that has nothing to do with the brand components (Punniyamoorthy and Raj 2007). As there are no particular speculations and approaches that address the subject of brand steadfastness and brand components, it is hard to give an authoritative answer. Notwithstanding, through the span of the exposition, it has become evident that brand components do assume an essential job in brand faithfulness and that customers are probably going to repurchase a brand since they see the brand to serve their item needs by offering the correct highlights of the item, value, quality and picture too. In any case, it has additionally become certain that brand steadfastness is terribly affected by choices that occur free of brand components. Taking everything into account, a harmony between the two contentions would be best for tending to the case. Later on, a more prominent collection of work is important to help scientists, researchers and advertisers to come nearer to comprehension the multi-dimensional nature of brand dedication. References Aaker, D. 1995. Building Strong Brands, Free Press, New York. Belk, R. W. 1988. Assets and the all-encompassing self. Diary of Consumer Research, 15, pp. 139-168. Cowley, D. 1991. Getting Brands, Kogan Page, London. DDB Worldwide OpinionWay Survey. Facebook and Brands. October 2010. Dick, A. S. what's more, Basu, K. 1994. Client Loyalty: Toward an Integrated Conceptual Framework. Diary of the Academy of Marketing Science, 22, pp. 99-113. Jacoby, J. Chestnut, J. 1978. Brand Loyalty: Measurement Management, Wiley, New York. Kapferer, J. 2008. The New Strategic Brand Management, Kogan Page, London. Keller, K. 2007. Vital Brand Management, Prentice Hall, New Jersey. Kressmann, F., Sirgy, M., Herrmann, A., Huber, F., Huber, S., and Lee, D. 2006. Direct what's more, backhanded impacts of mental self view compatibility on brand dedication. Diary of Business Research, 59, 955-964. McCole, P. 2004. Pulling together showcasing to reflect practice: The changing job of promoting for business†, Marketing Intelligence Planning, Vol. 22 Issue 5, pp.531 †539. Punniyamoorthy, M and Prasanna Mohan Raj. 2007. An experimental model for brand dependability measurement†, Journal of Targeting, Measurement and Analysis for Marketing, Volume 15, Number 4, pp. 222-233. Uncles, L Goodhardt, M. (2004), Understanding Brand Performance Measures: Using Dirichlet Benchmarks, Journal of Business Research, Vol.57, Issue12, pp.1307-1325. The most effective method to refer to Brand dependability relies upon brand components, Essay models Brand Loyalty Depends On Brand Elements Free Essays Presentation A brand is a plan, term, name, or any component used to distinguish the items or administrations of a vender from the ones of different dealers in the market (Jacoby and Chestnut, 1978). In spite of the fact that there is an enormous group of examination on brand faithfulness in promoting writing, the connection between brand devotion and brand components has not generally been all around archived or comprehended. In this paper, the dispute of whether brand components assume a noteworthy job in affecting the steadfastness of customers will be raised. We will compose a custom article test on Brand Loyalty Depends On Brand Elements or on the other hand any comparative theme just for you Request Now Initial, a meaning of brand unwaveringness and brand elem

Speech Critique-Jfk Innagrual Address free essay sample

President John F Kennedys Inaugural Address, given on January 20, 1961 at the Capitol, was without a doubt a standout amongst other debut discourses given. This discourse was proposed to be heard by the entirety of the residents of the US, and with more than 20,000 in participation, and a lot all the more watching at home on TV, he arrived at a lot of his focused on crowd. I accept he utilized this discourse to illuminate the residents regarding the United States about what he intended to accomplish for the nation while in office, just as to persuade the residents to meet up and move in the direction of an objective of harmony and freedom, which is the thing that he wanted to achieve.The discourse was very efficient. It appeared to have a stream to it and move effectively starting with one point then onto the next. He appeared to have arranged a lot for this discourse and it is clear in its introduction. We will compose a custom article test on Discourse Critique-Jfk Innagrual Address or on the other hand any comparable point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page His words were likewise picked well for the crowd he was tending to. Regardless of whether it was a rancher with no instruction tuning in or one of his own associates, they could without much of a stretch comprehend what was being said. In his debut address Kennedy list goals of freedom, nullification of neediness, and harmony all through all countries. The opening of the discourse, I feel he is attempting to bring a feeling of solidarity, between one country, and not two ideological groups, catching everyones eye. He claims to all the residents in the country and not Just those of his gathering. The body of the discourse was engaged and It didnt Jump starting with one subject then onto the next. It starts by recollecting our ancestors and perceiving that circumstances are different from that point forward. He goes on to stating that we will remain behind any companion and against any enemy and continues to address different countries in the world.He appears to need to end war, have tranquility with everybody, and help lift up those out of luck. The discourse contained some successful analogies, for example, the individuals who absurdly looked for power by riding the rear of the tiger, the light has been passed to another age of Americans, and pushing off the chains of neediness. The end of the discourse Is a source of inspiration, reminding each American that what befalls their country Is In their grasp. Kennedys Ideals wont be accomplished in his term or his lifetime, yet It Is the residents obligation to press towards accomplishing thoseIdeals for people in the future. To me, the end wasnt entirely essential, anyway the line going before the end was the most important, so that weighed out the shutting In my psyche. L accept the conveyance of this discourse was extremely viable. He appears to have faith In the things he Is stating, thusly making every other person trust them too. He was by all accounts truly happy with during the discourse, he looked at the crowd, he utilized hand motions when talking somewhat, yet they were compelling and not overpowering. HIS vocals were anything but difficult to hear and he talked at a very teddy pace.There were a few pieces of the discourse where his voice became stronger, yet this solitary delivered the discourse increasingly compelling. He made numerous sensational delays at proper occasions during the discourse, when he had finished one Idea and was proceeding onward to something different. The discourse was generally simple for me to comprehend. I really felt somewhat moved by the discourse. He accepted so firmly In what he accepted and what he needed his country to accomplish you couldnt help yet to be Impressed. I delighted in watching this discourse and I trust I would appreciate hearing more from this beaker.Speech Critique-Jeff Inaugural Address By laryngeal country and not Just those of his gathering. The body of the discourse was engaged and it help lift up those out of luck. The discourse contained some powerful allegories, for example, destitution. The end of the discourse is a source of inspiration, reminding each American that what befalls their country is in their grasp. Kennedys standards wont be accomplished in his term or his lifetime, yet it is the residents obligation to press towards accomplishing those goals for future generations.To me, the end wasnt entirely important, anyway the in my psyche. accept the conveyance of this discourse was successful. He appears to put stock in the things he is stating, in this manner making every other person trust them as and not overpowering. His vocals were anything but difficult to hear and he talked at a fitting occasions during the discourse, when he had finished one thought and was really felt somewhat moved by the discourse. He accepted so emphatically in what he accepted and what he needed his country to accomplish you couldnt help yet to be intrigued.

7 Ways You Can Play With Social Media On Valentines Day

7 Ways You Can Play With Social Media On Valentines Day Make Money Online Queries? Struggling To Get Traffic To Your Blog? Sign Up On (HBB) Forum Now!7 Simple Ways You Can Play With Social Media On Valentines DayUpdated On 20/02/2016Author : Vipul KaliaTopic : Social MediaShort URL : http://hbb.me/S5LC9L CONNECT WITH HBB ON SOCIAL MEDIA Follow @HellBoundBlogThis year people are going to celebrate their Valentines Day more socially. People are taking full advantage of all that and social media has to offer to build on their special relationships. How Social media and Valentines Day land up on the same page. Both Valentines Day and Social media are about relationships. Here are some reasons that got them on the same page.Social media is about building new relationships around what you are passionate about like if you have passion about Questions then Quora would be right place to build your relationships similarly. If like shopping then you might build your relationships with new people or your friends on ShopSocially or Blippy.  Valentin e’s Day is about paying attention to relationships and strengthening relationship bonds.Here how you can use Social media help for Valentines Day.#1 If you are confused about what to do for your Valentines Day go ask your Facebook friends about it on  Facebook questions or try asking this question on Quora.#2 If you are confused what gift to buy for your Valentines Day you can try ShopSocially or Esty .#3 You can plan your travel date just try out Gogobot or try Yelp.#4 You can also check out Groupon for some great discounts.READ7 Essential Tips To Produce Creative Quality ContentHere are some fun gifts and gift ideas for your sweetheart using social media.#5 Create a personalized Facebook ad. You can create an ad that will only be seen by one user. You can make it as special as you want without any fear that you are sharing it with the whole world.#6 Upload a karaoke cover of your song on YouTube.  It will be considered very romantic if you sing a song for your sweetheart in a room full of people. In fact, in this case, you will be singing in front of the entire World Wide Web.#7 Schedule new @replies by the hour through your twitter client send  a new reason for loving him or her every hour for 24 hours. You can set it all up in advance in your Twitter client will automatically do magic for you.With social media continuing to be a networking and economic giant, nobody will be left with a bad Valentine’s Day gift this year. Whether you love or hate the holiday,  You should definitely take advantage of social media this Valentine’s Day. And just spread the love around.This guest article is written by Vipul Kalia. He is an Electronics Engineer, Travel Blogger and Striving Entrepreneur and a Photographer who loves to ride.

How Federal Policies Narrow Class, Race, and Ethno-Religious Differences in the Middle Decades of The 20th Century - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 5 Words: 1362 Downloads: 10 Date added: 2018/12/26 Category History Essay Type Descriptive essay Level High school Tags: American Life Essay Racism Essay Did you like this example? Cultural advancements and the nature of human geography that they produce are experienced over a long period. Nevertheless, culture transforms slowly and so does the perceptible landscape that it brings forth. The diverse cultural landscapes in the United States have developed as a consequence of demographic, technological and economic transformations. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "How Federal Policies Narrow Class, Race, and Ethno-Religious Differences in the Middle Decades of The 20th Century" essay for you Create order However, other scholars argue that state policies have helped in narrowing race, class and ethnographic variations during the 20th century asserting that these changes were not brought about by cultural advancements but rather these developments came about as a result of demographic, economic and technological advancements in the United States since World War II. According to historian Carl Degler, the New Deal was a concept which was innovative[footnoteRef:2]. He was of the belief that the New Deal was a representation of radical transformations in the way Americans perceived government and its duty in the economic development. Instead of expecting economic hurdles to be resolved through the market forces, Americans started to have expectations on the state and act in moments of economic trouble thus creating interventions that would help in making things better. [2: Degler, Carl N. The Third American Revolution.? Out of Our Past (New York: Harper Row, 1959)? (1971).] Degler perceived Social Security as a way of changing situations thus indicating that Americans perceived the state as a responsible way of making sure that elder Americans would get lives that were decent. This was considered as a change from the perception that this responsibility was solely on those people who had families. Deglar additionally argued that Social Security illustrated the flexibility of FDR as well as the will to experiment whenever the public demanded its implementation. Therefore, Americans were ready to undergo a transformation after they had experienced the extreme conditions which had been brought about by the Great Depression, whereby banks had failed, industries were flattered and the country was full of individuals who were not employed. Deglar further argued that the New Deal was made of a permanent change in the expectations of the American public who wanted the state to be an active player in the countrys economic development. According to a historian Baron Bernstein, writing that was done during 1960s argued that the New Deal was not perceived as a revolution and that the transformations that were suggested by Degler and other individuals had been blown out of proportion. Bernstein was of the view that President Roosevelt had worked hard to protect the current political system and that the transformations in the political system as well as changes in attitudes and policies were perceived as a break from the preceding moments. However, it is evident that there were less positive transformations that took place during this moment when America was repositioning itself in the international affairs while the country was experiencing numerous global and domestic challenges. Degler perceived the Social Security Act as a way of responding to the radical ideas as well as programs that attracted most Americans, similar to those that were proposed by Townsend. According to the Act, there were more signs that exceeded a single substance. Employees were supposed to make contributions to their old age pensions thus they were not able to rely on contributions made by government. Therefore, it was an aid that was somehow limited with more than a single entity of five family members being excluded from the pension scheme. Most of the employees included those who were working on the domestic farms. Degler argued that while the New Deal was aimed at bringing down the rate of suffering that it did not deserve the kind of praises that it was given. On this notion, it can be argued that there were less positive transformations that took place at the moment when America repositioned itself in conducting its international affairs[footnoteRef:3]. Most importantly, the humanity geography of the United States was changed thus reflecting on some of the main transformations in the United States. Maybe the largest geographical alterations included the quick utilization of rural lands, their changes into other smaller communities which are independent. While suburbanization had earlier started before the Second World War, it had seemed to intensify even after the war had en ded thus making America a nation that was commuting and one that depended on the foreign oil of automobiles. Whereas there were undeniable developments that had been made by Americans, the rate of suburbanization also increased the degree of racial segregation thus having to literally push the agenda of black and white segregation further apart. Americans had already gotten into the Great Migration till late 1970s thus bringing millions of African Americans towards the western and northern cities and the moment when the economy had been transformed, most of these individuals were rendered jobless[footnoteRef:4]. [3: American Yawp The Great Depression. Chapter 23: ] [4: Katznelson, Ira. When affirmative action was white. (2005).] Another argument by Degler was that the celebration of The New deal was aimed at changing the American ideas with regards to the state and the countys economy. In the same manner, Degler found that arguments that were fronted by individuals like Bernstein appeared to be gloomy with regards to the ideas fronted in the New Deal. He posited that having a parallel operation assisted people and businesses alike to grow and mature. Additionally, he argued that the objectives that were made to maintain the American structure and assist it to survive instead of changing it thus the version fronted by the American administration was that it would assist in survival instead of just changing the entire structure. It was evident that the vision of the administration was not just ambiguous but also inconsistent. Degler characterized the New Deal as a program that was practically exercised and one which applied Social Security as a good example in order to attain its practicality. He asserts that the Act could not have been widespread or rather it would have lost the support of the Congress. However, it can be argued that there are several aspects that led to the limitation of the extent in which the New Deal program which included congressional opposition which was conservative as well as reliance on a local state that failed to necessarily perform its duties in ways that were democratic and which were consistent with whatever the designers of the program had hoped to achieve. Most fundamentally, the highest constraint of the America citizens was social security thus leading to other underlying issues being used as conservative responses of the citizens with regards to the depression. It can further be argued that the New Deal fronted by FDR was as a result of the public system in America wh ich tolerated the revolution that was perceived by Degler as a revolution. When putting race into consideration, most Americans consider the color of the skin which is not a surprise provided the countrys history. Despite the discriminations and battles that the native Indians underwent, slavery is what led to the American Civil War thus sharpening the skin focus of Americans. Contrast to the above argument, there were black-white settlements in just one segment of the post world war two landscapes. Internal migration and immigration had been majorly complicated in many aspects of the American life, geography, politics and economy. According to the most recent patterns adopted during the 20th century, immigration overlay other methods of immigration. Other individuals formed places of that were quite diverse from the nominal pattern linked to that of the Europeans. Therefore, the history of racism in America is seen as modern immigrant assimilation in several ways whereby there is an influx of illegal immigrants that leads to the perception that there are alterations and racial compositions which result to siege of the American cultural diversity. Other individuals perceive it as enrichment because racism in America is seen in a unique manner and its trait have had such complex and long histories, which include geographical imprints and a general perceptio n of race that is generally applied to the social constructs. Bibiography American Yawp The Great Depression. Chapter 23: Degler, Carl N. The Third American Revolution.? Out of Our Past (New York: Harper Row, 1959)? (1971). Katznelson, Ira. When affirmative action was white. (2005).

Definition of Yellow Journalism

Yellow Journalism was a term used to describe a particular style of reckless and provocative newspaper reporting that became prominent in the late 1800s. A famous circulation war between two New York City newspapers prompted each paper to print increasingly sensationalistic headlines designed to lure readers. And ultimately the recklessness of the newspapers may have influenced the United States government to enter the Spanish-American War. The competition in the newspaper business was occurring at the same as the papers began to print some sections, particularly comic strips, with colored ink. A type of quick-drying yellow ink was used to print the clothing of a comic character known as â€Å"The Kid.† The color of the ink used wound up giving a name to the raucous new style of newspapers. The term stuck to such an extent that â€Å"yellow journalism† is still sometimes used to describe irresponsible reporting. The Great New York City Newspaper War The publisher Joseph Pulitzer turned his New York City newspaper, The World, into a popular publication in the 1880s by focusing on crime stories and other tales of vice. The front page of the paper often featured large headlines describing news events in provocative terms. Pulitzer was known to hire editors who were particularly skilled at writing headlines designed to entice readers. The style of selling newspapers at the time involved newsboys who would stand on street corners and yell out samples of headlines. American journalism, for much of the 19th century, had been dominated by politics in the sense that newspapers were often aligned with a particular political faction. In the new style of journalism practiced by Pulitzer, the entertainment value of the news began to dominate. Along with the sensational crime stories, The World also was known for a variety of innovative features, including a comics section that began in 1889. The Sunday edition of The World passed 250,000 copies by the end of the 1880s. In 1895 William Randolph Hearst bought the failing New York Journal at a bargain price and set his sights on displacing The World. He went about it in an obvious way: by hiring away the editors and writers employed by Pulitzer. The editor who had made The World so popular, Morill Goddard, went to work for Hearst. Pulitzer, to battle back, hired a brilliant young editor, Arthur Brisbane. The two publishers and their scrappy editors battled for New York City’s reading public. Did a Newspaper War Provoke a Real War? The newspaper  style produced by Hearst and Pulitzer tended to be fairly reckless, and there’s no question that their editors and writers were not above embellishing facts. But the style of journalism became a serious national issue when the United States was considering whether to intervene against Spanish forces in Cuba in the late 1890s. Beginning in 1895, American newspapers inflamed the public by reporting on Spanish atrocities in Cuba. When the American battleship Maine exploded in the harbor at Havana on February 15, 1898, the sensationalist press cried out for vengeance. Some historians have contended that Yellow Journalism prompted the American intervention in Cuba which followed in the summer of 1898. That assertion is impossible to prove. But there’s no doubt that the actions of President William McKinley were ultimately influenced by the enormous newspaper headlines and the provocative stories about the destruction of the Maine. Legacy of Yellow Journalism The publication of sensationalistic news had roots stretching back in the 1830s when the famous murder of Helen Jewett essentially created the template for what we think of as tabloid news coverage. But the Yellow Journalism of the 1890s took the approach of sensationalism to a new level with the use of large and often startling headlines. Over time the public began to distrust newspapers which were obviously embellishing facts. And editors and publishers realized that building credibility with readers was a better long-term strategy. But the impact of the newspaper competition of the 1890s still lingered to some extent, especially in the use of provocative headlines. Tabloid journalism lived on in major American cities, especially in New York, where the New York Daily News and New York Post often battled to serve up engaging headlines. The tabloid headlines we see today are in some ways rooted in the newsstand battles between Joseph Pulitzer and William Randolph Hearst, along with the clickbait of todays online media — the term for internet content designed to lure readers to click and read, has roots in the Yellow Journalism of the 1890s.

George Orwell 1984 Reader Response - 1043 Words

Reader Response Analysis In the book 1984 written by George Orwell, the author wanted the readers to understand the message he has created. The message that he has conveyed throughout the book was that the Party took away many of the individual’s rights and freedoms. Orwell has shown specific examples of how the peoples’ rights are taken away throughout the text. Some of these examples include the people do not have their own privacy in the homes, control over their own thoughts, as well as control over emotions. Orwell may have given these examples for the readers to be able to relate to the government today. Today the government uses security cameras as well as they have ability to check phone records. In 1984, George Orwell has created†¦show more content†¦Julia, the girl Winston likes, is then brought into this scene. They look around the apartment and notice that there are no telescreens in this room. He finds it remarkable, this could be a place to go to get away from the telescreens (Orwell 99). From my perspective, the author did this to show that Winston was willing to go to such extreme measures to get away from the Party. Purchasing the journal and coral was dangerous enough if caught by the Party, yet he still considered the upstairs apartment. Since Winston grew up in the Party all he knew was what life was like in it. He tried to get away from the Party, by living in this apartment to see what life was like without your every move being watched. In my opinion, Orwell may have included Julia in this scene’s description so that the readers will understand how he felt towards her. This then reflected on his decisions he made later in the book. Winston and Julia look at the apartment together because relationships are forbidden within the Party. Next the author chose to explain how the government can take control over peoples’ thoughts. Since they always watched everyone, the Party can have an opinion on what they think of your thoughts and actions. If they do not like what you decide they can punish you. For example, in 1984, Winston starts to fall in love with a girl named Julia. Although in the Party relationships are strictly for having children. In the Party you are not supposed toShow MoreRelatedGeorge Orwell 1984 Reader Response722 Words   |  3 PagesTextual Analysis Rough Draft using Reader-Response The novel, 1984 by George Orwell, is a complex novel evoking many thoughts and emotions as a reader along with showing that the author was effective in conveying his message to the audience. In the first section of the novel, Orwell introduces a society that seems to be quite unusual to many readers completely in the norm for the characters in this novel. 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Power can be defined as many types ranging from physical, psychological, love, status or government. With power comes great responsibility. If power is not controlled, negative consequences could be developed. This is noticeable through the 2 texts that have been analysed, George Orwell 1984 and Disney Pixar Film WALL E. In both these texts, countless typesRead MoreAnalysis Of Annabel s Annabel 1696 Words   |  7 Pagesand their son, Wayne, is faced with the question of his identity. With the pressure to be masculine from his father and his mother’s whispers of being named Annabel, Wayne is conflicted with what it means to be intersex. Stacey’s review gives the readers a well-described insight into the overall story and she pays a great deal of attention to the roles of genders in Kathleen Winter’s novel. 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This is the general ideology of the Party, the supreme and ruling government in the legendary narrative 1984, written by George Orwell. 1984 is a dystopian, science fiction novel that is set during the year 1984 in the superstate of Oceania. In a malevolent world of continuous warfare, relentless government scrutiny, and constant human manipulation, the story revo lves around a man named Winston Smith, a citizenRead MoreGeorge Orwell s Galvanized As Much Attention On The Future Of Humanity1218 Words   |  5 PagesFew books have galvanized as much attention on the future of humanity as George Orwell s 1984. In 1984, Orwell presents a bleak, brutally efficient apparatus that owes its existence to the unceasing oppression of the masses. Against this force, Winston Smith and his lover Julia are deviants desiring pleasure and free thought. This relationship between Julia and Winston is particularly vital to the novel s success. Specifically, Julia is the crucial piece in the novel. Julia presents a contrast

Aboriginal Community Controlled Health Organizations Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Aboriginal Community Controlled Health Organizations. Answer: Introduction: Aboriginals and the Torres Strait Islander people are the indigenous Australians. Just like any other indigenous group in the world, the Aboriginals and the Torres Strait Islander people constitute the minority population in the country. In terms of numbers, they constitute only a 3% of the Australian population. According to the national population census of 2011, the total population of the Aboriginals and Torres Strait Islander people stood at 729,048 (Zhao, Vemuri Arya, 2016). This number represents the population of the indigenous communities in different states and territories across the nation. In terms of health, the Aboriginals and the Torres Strait Islander people cannot be compared to the rest of the people in Australia. Research has established that the indigenous communities are worse-off. The communities have a high prevalence of nearly all the diseases as compared to the non-indigenous communities. The prevalence of communicable, cardiovascular, chronic and lifestyle diseases is higher amongst the Aboriginals and the Torres Strait Islander people than the rest of the Australian population (Di Cesare, et al., 2013). The members of indigenous communities have higher chances of contracting lung cancer, breast cancer, and liver cancer, cancer of the pancreas, diabetes, tuberculosis, tetanus, injuries, accidents, stroke, heart failure, High Blood Pressure, coronary heart disease, mental illness, and disability. The Aboriginals and Torres Strait Islander people also have lower life expectancy, and higher mortality rates than the members of non-indigenous communities (Kend all Barnett, 2015). The poor state of the Aboriginals and the Torres Strait Islander people has been linked to historical, social, economic, environmental, and behaviors factors. As the indigenous communities in Australia, the Aboriginals and Torres Strait Islander people suffered as a result of colonialism. The invasion of the country by the European imperialists negatively impacted on the indigenous people because it drove them away from their ancestral lands to which they were strongly attached. His was a very unfortunate incident which greatly affected the community. It has contributed to the poor state of the health of the community (Kavanagh, et al., 2013). On the other hand, the community has been hit by its conservative cultural beliefs, lack of accessibility to employment, educational and housing facilities. Further, the location of the community members in the remote rural areas has hindered them from accessing quality healthcare services like the rest of the people in the country (Doolan, et al., 2015). These are the factors which have made it extremely challenging for the Aboriginals and the Torres Strait Islander people to access quality healthcare services and enjoy health equality and equality. Impacts of Current Delivery of Care Methods When it comes to health matters, Australia is highly ranked globally. Because the commonwealth government of Australia is aware of the health disparities between its indigenous and non-indigenous communities, it has been making deliberate efforts to bridge the gap. Meaning, the government has making deliberate efforts to address the health challenges facing the indigenous people (Brown, O'Shea, Mott, McBride, Lawson Jennings, 2015). To achieve this, the government has been applying different measures such as policy-guidelines and initiatives that are directly targeting the rural-based Aboriginals and he Torres Strait Islander people. The first strategy that has been applied by the government in addressing the health concerns of the indigenous people is the establishment of the National Aboriginal Community Controlled Health Organizations (NACCOs) and Aboriginal Community Controlled Health Organizations (ACCHOs). These are community-owned and managed organizations that have been directly involved in the management of healthcare services delivered to the indigenous people in the country. As its name suggests, ACCHO refers to an organization that is formed and managed by the indigenous community members. Once it is established, the organization uses the local community members to identify and address the health needs of the community. So far, more than 150 ACCHOs are in operation in different parts of the country (Dempsey, et al., 2015). However, apart from relying on the community-owned ACCHOs, the government has been relying on the mainstream services to deliver health care to the indigenous people. Here, the memb ers of the indigenous communities are encouraged to seek for healthcare services in the government hospitals to be served. Engagement of Indigenous People The Aboriginals and the Torres Strait Islanders are reserved people who do not prefer to engage in anything that contravenes their cultural traditions. The cultural views held by the indigenous people have been barring them from accessing healthcare services. The reason why these people are reluctant to seek for modern healthcare services is that they believe that it does not appeal to their culture. At the same time, the people believe that the services are not designed to accommodate their needs. After all, most of healthcare providers are non-indigenous people who have no knowledge on the cultural values, traditions, views, and perceptions towards health (Badland, et al., 2014). Therefore, to encourage the indigenous people to embrace modern healthcare services, the government has between making efforts to actively involve them in healthcare delivery. The first engagement strategy applied so far is the use of indigenous health workers. For a very long time, the members of indigenous communities have been finding it challenging to acquire quality education. This is why there have been a few indigenous people, who could join professions like nursing, pharmacy, psychiatry, surgery, and other medical-related disciplines. The fact that there were no indigenous healthcare workers made the Aboriginals and Torres Strait Islander people to refrain from seeking for medical services. However, this problem has been resolved by increasing the number of indigenous employees in the healthcare facilities (Funston Herring, 2016). On the other hand, the government has been relying on the services of the Indigenous Engagement Officers who coordinate the indigenous programs and liaise with the government to support and empower the indigenous communities to achieve health equality like the other Australian communities. Effectiveness of Current Programs and Initiatives Currently, the government of Australia, in conjunction with the territory and state governments, has been engaging in pro-indigenous community programs. Some of the most outstanding initiatives are the NACCHOs, Closing the Gap Strategy and Empowered Community Strategy. These initiatives have been of great importance because they have made significant contributions towards the improvement of health status of the indigenous communities across the country. The programs have been effective in addressing the inequalities that have been barring the indigenous people from accessing quality healthcare services. The initiatives have been effective in increasing the chances of the indigenous people to get access to healthcare services just like the rest of the population. Accessibility to healthcare services has helped in improving the health status of the indigenous people (Donato Segal, 2013). Today, the rate of diseases affecting the indigenous people has reduced. Even mortality and infant mortality rates have been declining thanks to these initiatives. Recommendations As a matter of fact, the implementation of Closing the Gap Strategy, Empowering Communities Initiatives, and NACCHOs demonstrates that the government of Australia is concerned about the indigenous communities. The empowerment and active involvement of the local indigenous community members in these initiatives has helped in improving the quality of health of the indigenous people. However, the existing gap has not been fully closed because there are so many problems which have not been addressed (Zhao, et al., 2013). The Aboriginals and Torres Strait Islander people are still battling ignorance, unemployment, poor living conditions and a wide range of cardiovascular, communicable, chronic, and respiratory diseases. These problems can be ultimately addressed if the government puts more efforts in improving the living standards of the indigenous people. The best thing to do is to address the socioeconomic inequalities that have been faced by the members of the indigenous communities across the country. The government should avail more educational and employment opportunities to the indigenous people. If these issues are addressed, the health issues facing the indigenous people can be permanently addressed (Baba, Brolan Hill, 2014). Education, unemployment, and poverty are the greatest factors which have been influencing the health of the Aboriginals and the Torres Strait Islander people. Therefore, if they are addressed, the community members will never face the health challenges that have been hindering them from leading a quality and healthy life. The other recommendation that should be adopted by the government is that it should improve on its empowerment initiatives. New polices should be introduced to strengthen community participation and empowerment in the indigenous health programs. For example, the ACCHOs should be fully-supported and equipped with local staff that has a deeper understanding of the indigenous cultures (Marley, et al., 2014). The presence of indigenous health workers has encouraged the members of the indigenous communities to seek for medical services because they are convinced that the services should be accepted because they are provided by one of their own who do not discriminate, but appreciate their diversities and understand their needs. References Baba, J.T., Brolan, C.E. Hill, P.S., (2014). Aboriginal medical services cure more than illness: a qualitative study of how Indigenous services address the health impacts of discrimination in Brisbane communities. International journal for equity in health, 13(1), p.1. Badland, H., et al., (2014). Urban liveability: emerging lessons from Australia for exploring the potential for indicators to measure the social determinants of health. Social Science Medicine, 111, 64-73. Brown, A., O'Shea, R.L., Mott, K., McBride, K.F., Lawson, T. Jennings, G.L., (2015). A strategy for translating evidence into policy and practice to close the gap-developing essential service standards for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander cardiovascular care. Heart, Lung and Circulation, 24(2), pp.119-125. Dempsey, M., et al., (2015). Improving treatment outcomes for HIV-positive Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people at Cairns Sexual Health using the treatment cascade as a model. HIV Australia, 13(3), p.36. Di Cesare, M., et al., (2013). Inequalities in non-communicable diseases and effective responses. The Lancet, 381(9866), 585-597. Donato, R. Segal, L. (2013). Does Australia have the appropriate health reform agenda to close the gap in Indigenous health?. Australian Health Review, 37(2), pp.232-238. Doolan, I., et al., (2015). A retrospective comparison study of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander injecting drug users and their contact with youth detention and/or prison. Australian Indigenous Health Bulletin, 15(4). Fredericks, B.L., Lee, V., Adams, M.J. Mahoney, R. (2015). Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Health. Introduction to Public Health [3rd Ed.], pp.355-376. Funston, L. Herring, S. (2016). When Will the Stolen Generations End? A Qualitative Critical Exploration of Contemporary'Child Protection'Practices in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Communities. Sexual Abuse in Australia and New Zealand, 7(1), p.51. Kavanagh, A.M., et al., (2013). Time trends in socio-economic inequalities for women and men with disabilities in Australia: evidence of persisting inequalities. International journal for equity in health, 12(1), 1. Kendall, E., Barnett, L. (2015). Principles for the development of Aboriginal health interventions: culturally appropriate methods through systemic empathy. Ethnicity health, 20(5), 437-452. Marley, J.V., et al., (2014). The Be Our Ally Beat Smoking (BOABS) study, a randomised controlled trial of an intensive smoking cessation intervention in a remote aboriginal Australian health care setting. BMC public health, 14(1), 1. Zhao, Y., Vemuri, S. R., Arya, D. (2016). The economic benefits of eliminating Indigenous health inequality in the Northern Territory. Med J Aust, 205(6), 266-269. Zhao, Y., et al., (2013). Health inequity in the Northern Territory, Australia. International journal for equity in health, 12(1), 1.

Aids Essays - HIVAIDS, RTT, Poliomyelitis, Vaccines, Lentiviruses

Aids Essays - HIVAIDS, RTT, Poliomyelitis, Vaccines, Lentiviruses Aids Scientists have concluded, based on mathematical research, that the virus that lead to the epidemic of AIDS can be traced all the way back to 1930, somewhere around Central Africa. Bette Korber, of the Los Alamos National Laboratory in New Mexico, presented this conclusion at the Conference of Retroviruses. The notion that HIV was introduced in contaminated oral polio vaccines in Africa between the years of 1957 and 1961 has been often debated and challenged. The results presented by Korber, not only refute the before mentioned allegations, but also move us toward finding out where the virus really came from and in which direction it is heading in the future. The first sample discovered in 1959 comes from a man in Congo, who died as a member of the M class of HIV, the type that most people are infected with today. However old the virus was, it was evident that it wasnt the first of its kind. The reason that the virus was ever connected to polio is because in the same year of 1959, the introduction of oral polio vaccines, supposedly tested on chimpanzees, came to the continent of Africa. However in reality, states Stanley Plotkin of the Wistar Institute in Philadelphia, the introduction of HIV in chimpanzees occurred well before the polio vaccine. The machine used in the process of determination is the Los Alamos Nirvana Machine, which is capable of making one trillion calculations per second. After plugging in dates, formulas and locations, the Nirvana located the origin of the HIV virus as being 1930, however the range of error shows that it could have been anywhere from 1915 to 1942. The Nirvana was also able to determine that the virus appeared in the Caribbean Islands such as Haiti, in the 1960s, while it came to America more than ten years later. It is quite definite that the virus came from chimpanzees in the area around Gabon, Cameroon, and the Central African rainforest. It most probably passed onto the hunters while they were butchering the animals. After that, the virus has taken on six different strands, and is spread in humans mostly through sexual intercourse. Issue The matter being discussed here is the AIDS epidemic. AIDS and the HIV virus are very real issues in the world and especially in America. Whether it is the needle of the syringe of a junkie, a blood transfusion or the exchange of bodily fluids, people are getting infected and dying every day with this disease, and there is no remedy. Each day thousands of researchers scientists and mathematicians try to go further, so that they might bring the world closer to a cure. A lot of progress has been made, and as a result people are living ten, fifteen, and even twenty years with AIDS. This article demonstrates to us that developments are still being made, and we are slowly but surely approaching a revolutionary discovery. Opinion It is very refreshing for me to read articles of this kind. I see people dying of AIDS and it scares me to think that, if I am not overly cautious, it could be me as well. The fact that we are making progress such as this, where we now know that HIV really originated thirty years before we presumed, is leading us to understand more about this epidemic. The more we understand about where it came from, the better our chances of understanding what caused it, and how to cure it. I realize that the discovery of a vaccine is still far off, and there is a chance that there will never be a complete cure. However, with each new scientific discovery, I have a renewed hope in our civilizations survival of the plague we commonly call AIDS.

Summer of the Seventeenth Doll by Steph Essays

Summer of the Seventeenth Doll by Steph Essays Summer of the Seventeenth Doll by Steph Paper Summer of the Seventeenth Doll by Steph Paper 1. Discuss the importance of place and/or landscape in one or more texts that you have read. Place is important because it constructs the setting and era, discussing issues through symbolism and what is accepted in society during those times. The Summer of the Seventeenth Doll by Ray Lawler relies heavily on place to construct the setting and bring the story into context for the audience. It is set in the 1950s, in Australia during the midst of an economic boom. The story is about the boys Roo and Barney coming down from Queensland to Melbourne to see Olive and Pearl for the lay-off season. â€Å"The house of the play is situated in Carlton, a now scruffy but once fashionable suburb of Melbourne†. The choice of setting in Melbourne is important as it shows how Roo and Barney are normally up in Queensland working but during their times off they come to Melbourne to see Olive and Pearl. Each time Roo comes down for the summer he brings for Olive a kewpie doll. This is symbolic of the time they spend together. It is also symbolic of their children as they are not married and Olive has no plans to marry Roo or have actual children with him. The fact they have this sort of de-facto summer living relationship also says a lot about the era it is set in. During the 1950s it was not acceptable to live with a man if you were not married to them. Olive lived in her illusionary world of ‘kewpie dolls’ and the boys just coming down for summer. She loved when they came but she also loved when they left because to her it was just like a summer fling. Ray Lawler chose this era to set it in because towards the end of the play, Roo doesn’t just want to be the ‘lay-off season’ guy, he wants to live with Olive permanently, give up his job in Queensland and marry her. Olive says â€Å"You think I’ll let it all end up in marriage – every day – a paint factory – you think I’ll marry you? † She doesn’t want that kind of relationship with Roo and the era of the 1950s makes the storyline that much more important as it sees the coming of age of women being independent. It is about individualism, growing up or refusing to grow up and freedom. For Australians it was the first time many of them got to see realistic characters portrayed with themes of mateship displayed between the boys. Therefore the place is important as it is displays Australian themes during the era of 1950 and it also discussing issues within society and how they weren’t accepted told through the characters portrayals. RIGHTS RESERVED

Rolls Royce Plc Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Rolls Royce Plc - Essay Example Rolls Royce PLC provides varied categories of products such as civil aerospace products, defence aerospace products, marine products, energy products and nuclear products. It develops and markets commercial aero engines for large and small aircrafts, helicopters and combat jets. It also manufactures transporters, propulsors, reduction gears, gas engines, fuel cells and steam generator services among others. Along with the various products, Rolls Royce PLC also offers variety of support services such as TotalCare, CorporateCare, MissionCare, technical support services and ‘Marine Tailored Solutions’ as well as reactor support services among others to its customers (Rolls-Royce Plc, 2012). Main Competitors Rolls Royce PLC is one of the world’s top manufacturers of high power gas turbine engines which gained its prominence in the global cutthroat market due to its use of extremely advanced technologies. One of the main competitors of Rolls Royce PLC is GE Aviation. O ther than GE Aviation, Aviation Industry Corporation of China, Siemens AG, Siemens Westinghouse Power Corporation, General Electric Power Systems among others are also close competitors of Rolls Royce PLC. ... Group is a comprehensive product and service providing organisation with customers in 135 countries and manufacturing facilities in over 14 countries. In this competitive scenario, the needs and wants of the customers are the primary criteria which are considered by organisation in any field. Rolls-Royce PLC satisfies the needs of the customers by delivering cost-effective products and efficient global support services, and so it is highly preferred among others. The customers from the world's important airlines and jet operators mainly rely on the Rolls Royce among others due to its efficient support as well as understanding towards the requirements of the prospective partners and suppliers. The service strategy of TotalCare and updated technologies are the key factors which differentiates Rolls Royce from other competitors (Rolls-Royce Plc, 2012). Opportunities and Threats The Rolls Royce PLC is one of the leading international makers and suppliers of aircraft engines. It became su ccessful due to its advanced technologies and competent customer services. But both globalisation and competitiveness of the market, act as opportunities as well as threats for Rolls Royce PLC. In order to sustain in this global market, Rolls-Royce PLC should develop new products, new international markets, and innovative technologies and also try to diversify to different product lines among others so as to enhance its business growth, prosperity and customer loyalty. This may act as the opportunities in the next three years which can improve Rolls Royce PLC’s corporate image and profitability among competitors. Moreover, the threats which might hinder the growth of the organisation may be the entrance of potential competitors, economic recession, new developing rules and regulations

Strategic Analysis Paper Research Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Strategic Analysis - Research Paper Example Higher growth is positively related to rise in production by the company’s factory (Bloom and Perry, 379-396). Changes in the market interest rate also affect Wal-Mart’s earning per share. Earnings of Wal-Mart also experienced a fall due to the prevailing currency exchange rates. Wal-Mart is always affected by a strong dollar. The company also can significantly explain deflation. The products at Wal-mart are generally priced very low. The sellers experience a cost cutting scenario. So to reach the targeted price level, Wal-Mart influences the price mechanism which leads to deflationary pressures in the economy (Basker, 203-229). Wal-Mart is the largest retailer and thus its business operations are certainly influenced by various global forces. Global outsourcing has a huge impact on Wal-Mart’s Business. The purchasing power of the United States is greatly influenced by this retailer. Factors of production prevailing in the global markets also indirectly affect Wal-Mart. Production reformation all over the world has forced the global retaining giant to modify its own production structures (Basker, 203-229). Technological forces are vital for Wal-Mart’s success. Consumers prefer transacting via the internet and thus the retail market, particularly Wal-Mart, has seen a rise in its sales with the rise in the use of internet by consumers. Wal-Mart has always adopted innovative strategies of marketing through advertisement on their own website and different social media. The technological factors ensure that the targeted customers are identified easily. Wal-Mart has designed various policies and schemes with the help of the advanced technology to reach its customers (Singh, Hansen, and Blattberg, 457-476). Wal-Mart’s profitability is affected by demographic factors. The structure of population greatly influences business operations of Wal-Mart. The stores of Wal-Mart are set strategically to cater to all kinds of customers; key customers are

Benefits of Work Psychology to Employees

Benefits of Work Psychology to Employees Is Work Psychology an Important Factor in Controlling Violence, Safety And Health Conditions In The Working Place? Boodhoo Zohyah Bibi Shaheena Introduction Work psychology refers to the study of human behavior in the working environment. The key role of work psychology is to understand the conduct of employees in order to promote the smooth running of any organization. Understanding work psychology may have a number of benefits to an organization as it focuses on increasing the organization’s productivity and also the psychological and physical wellbeing of employees. The task of a work psychologist is to study worker’s attitudes and also conduct leadership training. Workplace violence, in terms of occupational health and safety, is one of the most important problems of working life. Richards (2003) defined as â€Å"Incidents where staff are abused, threatened or assaulted in circumstances related to their work, including commuting to and from work, involving an explicit or implicit challenge to their safety, well-being or health† Workplace violence includes not only physical but also non-physical violence. For example; workplace violence includes physical assault, homicide, robbery, verbal abuse, bullying/mobbing, swearing, shouting, sexual and racial harassment, name calling, threats, interfering with work tools and equipmentWorkplace violence negatively affects not onlythe direct victims of such behavior, but also thosewho witness such violence. To witness violence of any sort in the workplace may cause concern toworkers that they themselves may face this type of violence in the future. Studies have shown that thefear of violence creates a negative relationship between emotional wellbeing and somatic health There is a certain way individuals behave in a particular situation. No two individuals behave in similar ways. There are individuals who find it difficult to handle stress whereas there are certain individuals who have the ability to face unforeseen circumstances with a smile. Employee behaviour is defined as an employee’s reaction to a particular situation at workplace. Employees need to behave sensibly at workplace not only to gain appreciation and respect from others but also to maintain a healthy work culture. One needs to adhere to the rules and regulations of workplace. Remember, Office is not a place where you can shout on fellow workers, spread rumours, criticize your Boss and so on. You just can’t afford to be rude with your team members. Be polite and speak softly. Do not forget that you are not the only one working; there are other people around as well. Some people have a tendency to have their lunch at their workstations only. Such a behaviour is completely unprofessional. Male employees need to respect their female counterparts. Never ever think of sexually harassing your female team members. Such a behaviour is unethical and not at all acceptable at workplace. One complaint from them and your career is finished. Avoid making lewd comments, physical advances or touching them. An individual’s behaviour has lot to do with his upbringing and family background. A child who has been brought up in a decent family where females are respected and thought to be equal would never even in his wildest dreams think of abusing female colleagues. It is completely unethical to steal office property. Why do you have to take office stationery to home? Office stationery (pens, pencils, stapler, eraser, punching machine, glue and so on) are meant to be used only in offices and nowhere else. Avoid damaging office property. Remember, if you do not respect your organization, you will not get respect in return. Employees need to understand that some information is confidential and should not be discussed with anyone. Never break your manager’s trust. Do not disclose your team’s strategies or internal policies to others just because they are your friends. Some people tend to submit fake bills to claim more money than actual. Individuals with such a behaviour find it extremely difficult to survive in the long run. What is the use of submitting wrong bills? Believe me, if you are caught, you will lose in your job in no time. Such a behaviour will not only tarnish an individual’s image but also speak ill of his family background and upbringing. Why do you have to use your office computer for online shopping, watching movies, paying cell phone bills, internet bills and so on? Do not store your personal photographs or information in office computer. Avoid browsing objectionable websites at workplace. If your office people have blocked certain sites, they must have done it for some reasons. Please do not try to open blocked sites using through proxy server and fake passwords. Rather than wasting our energy on unproductive things, it is always good if we concentrate on our work Today, violence is commonly observed in allraces and cultures. Violent incidents in theworkplace which negatively affect employees’health and safety present an important problem of health and safety at work. Being exposed to violentincidents at work or being a witness to violence hasa negative effect on employees’ feelings towardstheir work and the organisation. Additionally thesetypes of violent incidents can be a reason for negative outcomes in the workers’ physical and psychological health.Employees’ perceptions of organisational policies, procedures and practices directed towardscontrolling and removing workplace violence andaggression, stated as violence prevention climate, isan important concept in the effect on workers’health caused by workplace violence.Organisational policies and procedures directedtowards preventing and controlling workplaceviolence and aggression create a positive violenceclimate.According to the results a significantrela tionship was determined between employee jobsatisfaction and the influence directed to thesubdimensions of a violence prevention climate of policies, practices and unsafe practices. A study byKessler et al. (2008) determined a significantrelationship between job satisfaction and these threedimensions [20].While a significant negative correlation wasdetermined between depression and thesubdimensions of violence prevention climate policies and practices, no significant relationship was found between pressure for unsafe practicesand depression. A significant negative correlationwas determined between stress and thesubdimensions of violence prevention climate practices, no significant relationship was found between policies and pressure for unsafe practicesand depression. No significant relationship wasfound between violence prevention climatedimensions anxiety. In a study by Spector et al.(2007) a significant relationship was determined between the perceived violence climate anddepress ion and anxiety [19]. While research byKessler et al. (2008) showed a significantrelationship between practices and pressure, nosignificant relationship was determined between policies and depression [20]. The same studydetermined a significant relationship between practices, pressure and anxiety.Furthermore, the stepwise regression analysisresults determined a significant relationship between practices and pressure for unsafe practicessubdimensions and job satisfaction. According tothis, organisational practices directed towardsreducing violent incidents in the workplace (eginformation and training on the subject of violence)and there being no pressures towards unsafe behaviour (eg violence prevention policies and procedures not being ignored) play a role inincreasing job satisfaction. The stepwise regressionanalysis results also determined a significantrelationship between the dimension of practices anddepression. According to this result, the practice of the organisation giving i nformation and training onworkplace violence prevention is effective inreducing the rate of employee depression. Hawthorne Experiment Details Over the course of five years, Mayo’s team altered the female worker’s working conditions and monitored how the change in working conditions affected the workers morale and productivity. The changes in working conditions included changes in working hours, rest brakes, lighting, humidity, and temperature. The changes were explained to the workers prior to implementation Hawthorne Experiment Results At the end of the five year period, the female worker’s working conditions, reverted back to the conditions before the experiment began. Unexpectedly the workers morale and productivity rose to levels higher than before and during the experiments. The combination of results during and after the experiment (ie the increase in the workers productivity when they were returned to their original working conditions) led Mayo to conclude that workers were motivated by psychological conditions more than physical working condition Psychological Contract There is an unwritten understanding between the worker and employer regarding what is expected from them; Mayo called this the psychological contract. Interest in Workers A worker’s motivation can be increased by showing an interest in them. Mayo classified studying the workers (through the experiments) as showing an interest in the workers. Work is a Group Activity Work is a group activity, team work can increase a worker’s motivation as it allows people to form strong working relationships and increases trust between the workers. Work groups are created formally by the employer but also occur informally. Both informal and formal groups should be used to increase productivity as informal groups influence the worker’s habits and attitudes. Social Aspect of Work Workers are motivated by the social aspect of work, as demonstrated by the female workers socialising during and outside work and the subsequent increase in motivation. Recognise Workers Workers are motivated by recognition, security and a sense of belonging. Communication The communication between workers and management influences workers’ morale and productivity. Workers are motivated through a good working relationship with management. Conclusion The traditional view of how to motivate employees is that you offer monetary rewards (pay increases, bonuses etc) for work completion. However the Hawthorne experiments may suggest that motivation is more complicated than that. Advocates of the Hawthorne Effect will state that the Hawthorne experiment results show that motivation can be improved through improving working relationships and social interraction References Work-related violence: Case studies Managing the risk in smaller businesses HSG229 HSE Books 2002 ISBN 0 7176 2358 0  http://www.hse.gov.uk/pubns/indg69.pdf National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health Education and Information Division  http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/ohp/ S. Aytaà § and S. Dursun / The Effect on Employees of Violence Climate in the Workplace  http://www.academia.edu/1477474/The_effect_on_employees_of_violence_climate_in_the_workplace Munchinsky, P. M. (2000). Psychology applied to work: An introduction to industrial and organizational psychology (6th ed.). Belmont, CA: Wadsworth Wuang, M. (2007). Industrial/Organizational Psychology. In Discovering Psychology (4th ed.). Hockenbury Hockenbury. Worth Publishers: New York. http://psychology.about.com/od/iopsychology/f/organizational.htm

The Compulsion Toward Evil in Young Goodman Brown †Is It Correct? Essa

The Compulsion Toward Evil in â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† – Is It Correct?    This essay intends to show that the compulsion toward evil indicated in the tale â€Å"Young Goodman Brown,† on the part of not only the main characters but also the townspeople at large (in other words â€Å"the whole world†) is contained in many of Hawthorne’s tales, and it is an incorrect notion. Nathaniel Hawthorne used compulsion as a theme not only in this short story but in others as well. Consider the comments of Frederick C. Crews in â€Å"The Logic of Compulsion in ‘Roger Malvin’s Burial’: Yet a scrupulous examination of the main character’s motives reveals that Hawthorne has approached his subject on a deeper level than the ethical – that he has not asked what someone in a certain predicament should do, but rather how a man may become the victim of unconscious hypocrisies over which he has no ethical control at all. Indeed, the working-out of the plot is strictly dependent, not on a religious attitude of Hawthorne’s, but on an amazingly rigid logic of unconscious compulsion [italics mine] in the protagonist. . . . in nearly all Hawthorne’s tales, I would maintain, the moral â€Å"message’ is a secondary element. In Salem village that fateful night when the young Puritan husband was departing home for the night, he exchanged â€Å"a parting kiss with his young wife.† The wind was playing with â€Å"the pink ribbons of her cap.† Literary critic Wagenknecht surveys some of the critical interpretation relative to these ribbons on Faith’s cap and how they convey a message from Hawthorne: Mathews finds the pastel of infancy in pink, but since pink is a color intermediate between red and white, William V. Davis prefers to take it as suggesting â€Å"neither total deprav... ...ism/ccc_toc.htm Crews, Frederick C. â€Å"The Logic of Compulsion in ‘Roger Malvin’s Burial’: In Hawthorne – A Collection of Critical Essays, edited by A.N. Kaul. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1966. Hawthorne, Nathaniel. The Complete Short Stories of Nathaniel Hawthorne. New York: Doubleday and Co., Inc.,1959. 247-56. Lang, H.J.. â€Å"How Ambiguous is Hawthorne?† In Hawthorne – A Collection of Critical Essays, edited by A.N. Kaul. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1966. Leavis, Q.D. â€Å"Hawthorne as Poet.† In Hawthorne – A Collection of Critical Essays, edited by A.N. Kaul. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1966. Martin, Terence â€Å"Six Tales.† In Nathaniel Hawthorne. New York: Twayne Publishers Inc., 1965. Wagenknecht, Edward. Nathaniel Hawthorne – The Man, His Tales and Romances. New York: Continuum Publishing Co., 1989.   

Just War Theory

War is said to occur when one state declares hostility against another by which it places the people and resources under its authority to enmity against their adversaries as well as their resources (Gardam J, 1993). According to broadminded ed war historian and theorist Jeffrey Rodgers Hummel, there is an implication of the above definition.In placing its people as well s resources to hostilities, each state is in reality declaring war on three phases; first and foremost as to the other state; second as to the people of the other state; and thirdly as to its own dissenting citizens, should they fail to act in accordance with the State’s demand for manpower and resources (Gardam J, 1993).Going by the above definition offered by Jeffrey R. Hummel, just war would comprise that the war should have a just beginning. That is, it must be declared in reaction to violent behavior; the response has to be reasonable and according to the level of aggression, it has to be begun by an appro priate authority in opposition to appropriate enemy; it has to be conducted in proper manner that is justly†¦that is no harming of innocent people knowingly or intentionally (Gardam J, 1993). The war must have a just originThe just war theory asserts that war should originate only if there is violation of rights and only in self-defense. These rights should be individualistic rights as opposed to those that lead to war, for instance breach of a country’s sovereignty on a realistic altitude. Nevertheless, a difficulty arises at once. The fundamentals necessary to judge the justness of the war’s origin for instance, time and relevant information are not often available at the point war is declared.In deciding the idea of German Catholic participating in war during the Nazi period, it was once remarked by a publisher that â€Å"A scientific judgement concerning causes and origins of the war is absolutely impossible today because the pre-requisites for such a judgeme nt are not available to us. This must wait until a later time when the documents of both sides are available† (Allen C, 1966). The war must be a reasonable response As per the theory, it is grimacing for a provoker to be shot whether he acted on purpose or accidentally.While exercising self-defense the level of force utilized has to be proportional to the force used by the aggressor, while the aim of the responsive force should be articulated on the tenets of protection or restitution. Thus, a war with a just origin should have first exhausted all lesser force employment that could have consummated the desired objectives. It becomes crucial to elucidate one idea that the war should be left with the people with, that the state has consigned their rights of defense with.The question is whether States’ declaration of war places all its citizens to take part in hostilities even though a small proportion of them have been aggressed. Secondly, does aggression directed towards those consigned with the right of defense bind all others under declaration of war? If so, the contract appears to be calculated to enhance the level of violence of any differences as opposed to providing protection or restitution. The war has to be declared by a proper authority and against a proper enemy.Under this theory, the proper authority to exercise a right of self-defense against an aggressor is an agent or individual upon whose rights have been violated. Thus, under this heading a state is interpreted to be a proper authority. Here the assumption is that the war is declared against a state that is proper enemy. Just war should have a just ending On the ordinary observation, a just war (precisely since, it is not a campaign) should finish with the reinstatement of the status quo ante. The model case is a war of hostility, which ends justly when the provoker has been conquered, his attack repulsed, the old boundaries reinstated.Conceivably this is not quite enough for a jus t ending: the wounded state might merit compensations from the aggressor state, so that the damage the aggressor's forces meted out (Gardam J, 1993). In considering the atomic bombing of Japan, Was the bombing just? Was it moral? The use of atomic bombs was not meant to be confined to military targets, as these are obviously weapons mass destruction and could not fail to terrorize the civilians. From point of view of justice, discarding the rule that excludes civilians from deliberate attack represented a grave injustice from which the world requires to recover.If the aim was to end the war this could have been achieved without dropping those bombs on civilians (Gardam J, 1993). Appearing in the Nation, an article by Richard Falk titled â€Å"Defining a just war† in issue of Oct 29, he asserted that the war in Afghanistan qualified to be the first just war since World War II (Roberts A, 1993-1994). Although in the issue Falk went on to warn that the justice of the cause could be â€Å"negated by the injustice of improper means and excessive ends†, he did not relinquish his original affirmation.This utterance came from one of the prominent and respected advocates of international peace and justice. How true was his assertion about just war in Afghanistan (Roberts A, 1993-1994)? Interpreting Falk’s position as saying US war could be just, as long as it adhered to the ideologies he articulated, his argument nevertheless was manifestly wrong. First, on the ground that the principles were broken as of the start of the war and secondly, on the dismissal of alternative action that could have solved the impasse through the United Nations.How could this war be justified if the bombings lead to starvation of many millions of Afghanistan’s due inability of aid agencies to deliver their services to the civilians prior to the felling of the first bomb? On the other hand, prior knowledge of humanitarian crisis that could be occasioned by bombing serves to negate it from being construed as just war. First, the war did not meet the criteria of discrimination (not to harm civilians). Secondly, on the proportionality of the force (force should not be greater than the provoking cause), the force employed was greater compared to that of the aggressor (Roberts A, 1993-1994).The war in Afghanistan largely did not meet the criterion of necessity that calls upon force not to be applied if there are other non-violent means available. Before the onset of the bombing, Taliban Ambassador to Pakistan had proposed that they were ready to try Osama bin Laden if America provided evidence connecting him to the attacks in the New York and Washington. Going by the words of this ambassador, it is clear that this war could have been avoided if US offered the evidence they were demanding in order to prosecute the culprit (Mintz A, 1993).In addition, the ambassador had indicated that under Islamic law legal proceedings could begin. Thus, infact tri al could begin pertaining to the raised allegations followed by evidence being provided in court. However, what happened is that Washington refused to offer evidence, declared its demands were not subject to negotiation and started bombardment of Afghanistan (Mintz A, 1993). Whether Taliban’s offer was serious or not, Washington never bothered to follow, conversely going to war faced with such conditions eliminates the criterion of necessity.Vietnam War first assumed the aspect of political dimension with many at last being pressed towards moral arguments. Of course, the war was seen to be completely irresponsible, and one that could not be won. Its costs, even if the Americans were egoistic, were above the normal. The war was fought unjustly since it involved a lot of brutality by the Americans, a factor that was seen by many as the one that led to the defeat. In a war for â€Å"hearts and minds† as opposed to land and resources, justice stands out to be the main aspe cts to victory.Vietnam War served to educate states that there was a need for state to fight justly and to crown it all, justice has become military necessity. Vietnam was the first war that saw the need for emphasizing the jus in belle principle. It enumerated that Wars unpopular at home should not be fought in addition to wars whereby the state is unwilling to commit its resources. As mentioned earlier Vietnam War was based on doubtful justice and the war was fought unjustly, as it irritated the civilian population. By losing the hearts and minds of the civilians led to the loosing of the whole war.Modern warfare requires that there be support from different civilian populations, expanding past the population facing instantaneous risk. Nevertheless, moral regard for civilians at risk is crucial in winning great support of the war. America has in the past-confused just wars as crusades, as if a war can be just only where the forces of good outweigh those of evil. However, as for Ge orge Bush (elder) he appeared to understand that war, is properly a war of armies, a combat between combatants, through which the citizens should be protected.In good faith, there was nothing of a just war in Iraq bombing in 1991. The civilians there were not protected, since there was destruction of electricity networks as well as water purification plants (Mintz A, 1993). Demolition of infrastructure, that is, significant for civilian existence was rampant during the Gulf War. Nevertheless, American approach in Gulf War was due to compromise among what justice would have necessitated. There was no controlled bombing and collectively as opposed to Korea or Vietnam, targeting was far more unlimited and selective.Conclusion Many people acknowledge that we are faced with moral duty to avoid the evils of war. However, this realization poses many difficult questions, when as responsible individuals we witness tormenting injustices for instance, ‘ethnic cleansing’ (Gardam J, 1993). With millions of lives being risked by war, one is bound to consider if war should ever be justified and if so, for what purpose? In answering the above, it is first important to consider principles of just war theory and finally correlate these principles to historical as well as ongoing conflicts.On the just cause, figures like Ronald Reagan are seen to assert that whether in self-defense or defense for others, remain the only classified cause that justifies waging war. There is a need to justify military intervention in secessionist or revolutionary wars. The conduct of war should also be in accordance with the principles of discrimination and proportionality. Civilians should not be directly targeted ad costs of military action should be proportionate to the expected advantages of ruining military targets. ReferenceAllen C. Isbell, (1966). War and Conscience Abilene, Texas: Biblical Research Press, p. 82. Gardam, Judith Gail. (1993) Proportionality and Force in Internati onal Law. American Journal of International Law, Volume 87, Issue 3, 391-413. Mintz, Alex. (1993). The Decision to Attack Iraq: A Noncompensatory Theory of Decision Making. The Journal of Conflict Resolution, Volume 37, Issue 4, 595-618. Roberts, Adam. (Winter, 1993-1994). The Laws of War in the 1990-91 Gulf Conflict. International Security, Volume 18, Issue 3 134-181. Just War Theory The theory of just war is a military ethics doctrine tracing its origin from catholic and Roman philosophy. The Catholic Church in the United States of America was very vocal in the 1960s in asserting the theory of just war especially in their pastoral letter that were released in 1963 known as ‘The challenge of peace: God’s promise and our response. ’ Moral theologians, international makers and ethicists on just war theory maintain that for any conflict to qualify as just it should meet religious, philosophical and political justice criteria.When our eyes are cast back in the history of America, it is true that US has been involved in various wars for example the First World War, the Second World War and Afghanistan war. In the light of the just war theory, was United States ethically right to enter into these wars? This is what this research will mainly focus on. It will analyze the reasons that made US to enter into these wars from ethics point of view using th e theory of just war as the parameter. The paper starts with a short introduction then the main points and at the end there is a conclusion which is basically the summary of the key points.At the very end of this paper is a list of the resources that are used in this research, properly formatted in accordance with MLA formatting style. According to the United States Catholic Bishops, for any military action to be applied to a conflict it must meet four conditions for it to be legitimate. First of all they say that for any military action to be taken, the damage caused by the aggressor must be enormous, specific, grave and lasting. Secondly, it should be used as the last option that is, when all other means at disposal proves to be ineffective or impractical.Thirdly, the prospects of success before entering the war must be high. The fourth and the last criterion is that there should be lesser evils and disorders than the much that the aggressor(s) caused (Evans 4) Generally there are two sets of criteria for determining whether war is just or not. The first addresses the right to enter in the war while the second one is about the conduct of the military in the war. The former holds that the reason for joining the war must be just but should not for used for revenging or repossessing things captured in other words the cause must be just.In comparative justice principle, injustices suffered by one party must exceed that of the other. Again, war cannot be waged by anybody thus can only be waged by a legitimate authority. It is also argued that there must be high chances of winning the war for fighting a losing battle is wastage of resources. Also war should be used as the last resort or when all other methods have failed. Finally the gains of entering the war must be equal to the loss and harms incurred or in short, macro-proportionality must apply.After the war begins, the just war theory holds that any military action should only target specific places and indiv iduals especially the enemies and their strongholds and the condition of proportionality must apply or put in another way, the amount of force to be used must be gauged by the amount of harm caused and that only a minimum force must be put to task for the goal is not to destroy and harm civilians but to correct the mistakes that were done by the aggressor(s) (Evans, 5)According to the just war theory the entry of United States in the First World War in 1917 could be said to have been just this was because the decision to join the war was made by a legitimate body and not by a single individual. The then president Woodrow Wilson asked the congress to convene twice to determine the way forward. It was in order for US to declare war on Germany as it kept on violating all the agreements that had been made for example it violated the agreement that it would suspend all unrestricted submarine warfare.Germany had also tried to entice Mexico to join the war against US on condition that Germ any would help it to liberate itself from the United States. The other reason was that Germany attacked all neutral ships that neared what was referred to as zones irrespective of what they carried. This affected US in that its passengers were killed and the trade network was interrupted. (Coffman 25) In accordance with just war theory, if the harm is long lasting and grievous then the war is just. The same was the case in the First World War where the US was losing its people and property due to German’s malicious activities.Again as per this theory the war was just because it was used as the last option. At first the US never wanted to join the war and was following the policy of isolation. It used diplomatic talks and signing of agreements to shun war but this proved to be futile and the only option that was left was war. This war was geared towards stopping what Germany was doing and correcting the mistakes that were done and was not meant as a revenge but when the war da mage assessment is done, the damage caused by this war was more than what the aggressor had caused thus as per this theory’s principle the war could be said to have been unjust.(Coffman 26) The US entry on the world war II could also be said to be just according to the just war theory because it was declared by a legitimate body in 1941 after Japan attacked US spheres of interest in Pearl Harbor. Though the war was declared by a recognized legitimate body according to this theory it could be regarded as unjust because it was more of revenge than order restoration. The US wanted to challenge Japan which had proved to be a bother in the Pacific region.The harm that Japan had caused as per the just war theory was not grievous, lasting or that big enough to have merited the consequences that resulted. Just war theory holds that the harm caused by the war should not exceed the damage done by the aggressor but in the case of Japan, the war caused enormous damage in fact about 100,0 00 people perished when the US dropped atomic bombs in Nagasaki and Hiroshima. This is a clear indicator that US was not only targeting the combatants and their strategic positions but also targeted the civilians and thus in the light of the above the war was unjust.(Coffman 27) As per this theory the war could be said to have been just because the chances of US winning the Second World War were high although this was later proved to have been a miscalculation for it extended longer than expected and that was why the US was forced to resort to atomic bombs. This war could also be said to be unjust if it is judged the theory’s principle that argues that war should not be used as a means of achieving personal gains and in this case US used it as such.It wanted to protect its interests in the Western Europe nations because it had invested a lot in those countries in terms of loans and war materials and thus if they were to be defeated by Germany then this would have meant losing all that it had invested. (Gaido and Walters) The third war that will be analyzed using this theory is the US entry in the Afghanistan war in 2001. According to this theory, this war was justified in all ways. The war was declared by a legitimate institution that is the US government and was in response to terrorist activities of bombing the World Trade Center and the Pentagon.This was the height of terrorism and that was why the US was forced to act. The war was thus meant to control terrorism but not to avenge. When the issues of damages that were caused by these attacks are assessed, they were enormous that the amount of harm that resulted from this war and for this reason the war was just. As per the theory, the war should be used as the last resort and this is what happened in Afghanistan. The US had tried to use all other methods that were at its disposal and they proved to be ineffective. Terrorism continued to be on the increase despite the measures that were taken against it.The US had tried to hold talks with terrorists asking them to stop their terrorism activities. They kept attacking US citizens and other areas of interest and at this time it was pushed beyond limit and had to act. (Gareau 16) As per the just war theory, there is no need to engage yourself in a losing battle but here the US was confident enough that it would win this war and indeed it won thus on the light of the above, the war could be said to have been just. In conclusion, the just war theory is a theory that is used to determine whether the war is just or not.It holds that the war is just if is declared by a legitimately recognized body, if the chances of winning are clear, if it is for correcting the harms done as opposed to revenge and if it is used as the last option when all other methods have failed. Using it to determine whether US was just to enter in the First World War, Second World War and the Afghanistan war, it is right to justify US entry in the first world war an d the Afghanistan war but using the same criteria its entry on the second war could not be justified. Works Cited:Evans, M. Just War Theory: A Reappraisal. Edinburgh University Press, 2005 Coffman E. M. The War to End All Wars: The American Military Experience in First World War. University Press of Kentucky. 1998. Gaido, D. and Walters, D. Socialist Workers Party/Workers Party Split. The Second World War: What the War is About. 2005 http://marxists. catbull. com/history//etol/document/fi/1938-1949/swp- wpsplit/swpwp01. htm Gareau, F. H. State Terrorism and the United States: From Counterinsurgency to The War on Terrorism. Zed Books, 2004